Город Владимир Путешествие по древним городам Владимирской земли Старый Владимир Old Russian Towns Памятники архитектуры Музеи Музеи, экспозиции

Город Суздаль История Суздаля Герб суздаля Архитектура Суздаля Музеи Суздаля

Досуг и развлечения Где поесть во Владимире Где поспать во Владимире Что можно посмотреть во Владимире Где поесть в Суздале Где поспать в Суздале Что можно посмотреть в Суздале

Compared with Vladimir and Suzdal Yuryev-Polskoi has a simpler history. Whereas Suzdal grew up on the site of earlier settlements dating back before feudal times, Yuryev was literally a new town built by the prince on an uninhabited spot and named after him. The surrounding district was densely populated, how­ever, by peasants who had settled on the rich arable land. Yuryev-Polskoi was well placed: to the north lay the upper reaches of the Nerl's right-hand tributaries and the River Koloksha flowed past the town to join the Klyazma. Thus the new town was well connected with the centre of the principality and its fertile lands and became a royal stronghold. As in the case of his other new towns Yuri attracted Bulgars and people of Finno-Ugrian stock as well as Russians to settle here by giving them loans and plots of land as a result of which the artisans and men-at-arms became dependent on the prince. The first building to go up was the fortress with the white stone Church of St. George within its walls.

The new town did not play an important role in the twelfth century, apart from two large battles that were fought not far away between the Vladimir princes and the Rostov boyars with the princes who supported them. The battle of 1177 brought victory to Vsevolod III weakening the old feudal nobility for a long time to come and consolidating the power and importance of the Vladimir dynasty. The battle of Lipitskoye Field in 1216 was the result of internecine feuding between Vse-volod's heirs. It ended with the defeat of the Vladimir princes but the triumph of the coalition between the Rostov boyars and princes was shortlived. Nevertheless the unity of the Vladimir lands had been undermined and in 1212 Yuryev-Polskoi became the centre of a small appanage belonging to Vsevolod's son Svyatoslav who commissioned the Cathedral of St. George. The royal Monastery of the Archangel Michael was founded here during the same period.

Little is known about the history of the town during the Mongol period. The dynasty of the Yuryev princes came to an end in the first half of the fourteenth century and the town came under Muscovite rule. In the centu­ries that followed it was handed over to foreign vassals of the Moscow princes on several occasions. In the fif­teenth century it was governed by the Lithuanian prince Svidrigailo and in the sixteenth by the Kazan khan, Abdul Letif, and Prince Kaibul of Astrakhan. The only concern of these rulers was to extort as much as they could from the population. The town declined and consequently there was no new building of any note. A few stone buildings were added to the Monastery of the Archangel Michael in the sixteenth and seventeenth centuries.

In contrast to Suzdal which has a vast number of his­toric buildings spread over a large area, Yuryev-Polskoi has only a few and these are all concentrated within the earth ramparts encircling the town of 1152.

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